Конечная группа — различия между версиями
(→Таблицы умножения для конечных групп) |
(→Таблицы умножения для конечных групп) |
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Строка 189: | Строка 189: | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
!style="background:#efefef;"| * | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
− | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | + | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> |
− | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | + | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> |
− | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | + | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> |
− | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | + | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> |
− | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | + | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> |
− | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | + | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> |
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | | <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | | <big>c</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | | <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
+ | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>a</big> | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" align="center" | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| * | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
+ | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>e</big> | ||
− | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> | + | | <big>e</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>f</big> |
|- | |- | ||
!style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>a</big> | ||
− | | <big>a</big> || <big> | + | | <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> |
|- | |- | ||
!style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>b</big> | ||
− | | <big>b</big> || <big> | + | | <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> |
|- | |- | ||
!style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>c</big> | ||
− | | <big>c</big> || <big> | + | | <big>c</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> |
|- | |- | ||
!style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>d</big> | ||
− | | <big>d</big> || <big> | + | | <big>d</big> || <big>e</big> || <big>f</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> |
|- | |- | ||
!style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | !style="background:#efefef;"| <big>f</big> | ||
− | | <big>f</big> || <big> | + | | <big>f</big> || <big>d</big> || <big>a</big> || <big>b</big> || <big>c</big> || <big>e</big> |
|} | |} | ||
+ | |||
[[Категория: Теория групп]] | [[Категория: Теория групп]] |
Версия 02:26, 3 июля 2010
- Необходимо привести таблицы умножения всех конечных групп из не более шести элементов.(исправлено)
Если Вы исправили некоторые из указанных выше замечаний, просьба дописать в начало соответствующего пункта (Исправлено).
Определение: |
Группа называется конечной, если множество ее элементов конечно. Мощность множества элементов группы называют порядком группы и обозначают . |
Таблицы умножения для конечных групп
Таблица умножения(таблица Кэли) — таблица, которая описывает структуру конечных алгебраических систем с одной бинарной операцией. Таблица позволяет определить, является ли группа абелевой, найти ядро группы и обратные элементы по отношению к другим элементам в этой группе.
Структура
Пусть
= - группа из n элементов.Тогда таблица будет выглядеть следующим образом:
* | a1 | a2 | ... | an |
---|---|---|---|---|
a1 | a1a1 | a1a2 | ... | a1an |
a2 | a2a1 | a2a2 | ... | a2an |
... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
an | ana1 | ana2 | ... | anan |
Свойства
1) Каждая строка или столбец являются перестановкой элементов группы
2) Если таблица симметрична относительно главной диагонали, то операция умножения коммутативна
Построение
Вследствие первого свойства, можно заполнить таблицу не имея всей информации об операции умножения. Если таблицу заполнить не удаётся(нарушается первое свойство - в ряде или колонке оказывается 2 одинаковых элемента), значит операции, удовлетворяющей данным соотношениям, не существует.
Алгоритм построения:
1) заполнить "скелет" таблицы - ячейки в которых стоит нейтральный элемент. "Скелет" симметричен относительно главной диагонали(если a - обратный к b, то b - обратный к a, то есть любой элемент коммутирует со своим обратным).
2) используя известные соотношения и свойство 1 заполнить таблицу.
Замечание: по соглашению в заголовках таблицы 1-ым идёт нейтральный элемент, затем элементы, которые совпадают с обратным, затем остальные.
Примеры
1) n = 1
* | e |
---|---|
e | e |
2) n = 2
* | e | a |
---|---|---|
e | e | a |
a | a | e |
3) n = 3
* | e | a | b |
---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b |
a | a | b | e |
b | b | e | a |
4) n = 4
* | e | a | b | c |
---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c |
a | a | e | c | b |
b | b | c | e | a |
c | c | b | a | e |
* | e | a | b | c |
---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c |
a | a | b | c | e |
b | b | c | e | a |
c | c | e | a | b |
* | e | a | b | c |
---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c |
a | a | e | c | b |
b | b | c | a | e |
c | c | b | e | a |
5) n = 5
* | e | a | b | c | d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d |
a | a | b | c | d | e |
b | b | c | d | e | a |
c | c | d | e | a | b |
d | d | e | a | b | c |
6) n = 6
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | e | c | b | f | d |
b | b | c | d | f | e | a |
c | c | b | f | d | a | e |
d | d | f | e | a | b | c |
f | f | d | a | e | c | b |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | e | c | d | f | b |
b | b | c | d | f | e | a |
c | c | b | f | e | a | d |
d | d | f | e | a | b | c |
f | f | d | a | b | c | e |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | e | c | b | f | d |
b | b | c | d | f | a | e |
c | c | b | f | d | e | a |
d | d | f | a | e | b | c |
f | f | d | e | a | c | b |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | e | c | f | b | d |
b | b | c | f | d | a | e |
c | c | b | d | e | f | a |
d | d | f | a | b | e | c |
f | f | d | e | a | c | b |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | e | d | b | f | c |
b | b | c | e | f | a | d |
c | c | b | f | d | e | a |
d | d | f | a | e | c | b |
f | f | d | c | a | b | e |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | e | d | f | c | b |
b | b | c | e | a | f | d |
c | c | b | f | d | a | e |
d | d | f | a | b | e | c |
f | f | d | c | e | b | a |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | e | d | f | b | c |
b | b | c | e | d | f | a |
c | c | b | f | e | a | d |
d | d | f | a | b | c | e |
f | f | d | c | a | e | b |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | e | d | f | c | b |
b | b | c | e | d | f | a |
c | c | b | f | e | a | d |
d | d | f | a | b | e | c |
f | f | d | c | a | b | e |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | e | d | f | b | c |
b | b | c | f | e | a | d |
c | c | b | e | d | f | a |
d | d | f | a | b | c | e |
f | f | d | c | a | e | b |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | e | d | f | c | b |
b | b | c | f | e | a | d |
c | c | b | e | d | f | a |
d | d | f | a | b | e | c |
f | f | d | c | a | b | e |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | b | e | d | f | c |
b | b | e | a | f | c | d |
c | c | d | f | e | a | b |
d | d | f | c | a | b | e |
f | f | c | d | b | e | a |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | b | e | d | f | c |
b | b | e | a | f | c | d |
c | c | d | f | e | b | a |
d | d | f | c | a | e | b |
f | f | c | d | b | a | e |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | b | e | d | f | c |
b | b | e | a | f | c | d |
c | c | d | f | a | e | b |
d | d | f | c | e | b | a |
f | f | c | d | b | a | e |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | b | e | d | f | c |
b | b | e | a | f | c | d |
c | c | d | f | a | b | e |
d | d | f | c | b | e | a |
f | f | c | d | e | a | b |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | b | c | e | f | d |
b | b | c | d | f | e | a |
c | c | e | f | d | a | b |
d | d | f | e | a | b | c |
f | f | d | a | b | c | e |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | b | c | e | f | d |
b | b | c | d | f | a | e |
c | c | e | f | d | b | a |
d | d | f | a | b | e | c |
f | f | d | e | a | c | b |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | b | d | e | f | c |
b | b | c | e | f | a | d |
c | c | e | f | d | b | a |
d | d | f | a | b | c | e |
f | f | d | c | a | e | b |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | b | d | e | f | c |
b | b | c | e | f | a | d |
c | c | e | f | d | b | a |
d | d | f | c | a | e | b |
f | f | d | a | b | c | e |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | b | c | d | f | e |
b | b | c | e | f | a | d |
c | c | d | f | e | b | a |
d | d | f | a | b | e | c |
f | f | e | d | a | c | b |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | b | c | d | f | e |
b | b | c | e | f | a | d |
c | c | d | f | a | e | b |
d | d | f | a | e | b | c |
f | f | e | d | b | c | a |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | b | c | d | f | e |
b | b | c | a | f | e | d |
c | c | d | f | e | a | b |
d | d | f | e | a | b | c |
f | f | e | d | b | c | a |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | b | c | d | f | e |
b | b | c | f | e | a | d |
c | c | d | e | f | b | a |
d | d | f | a | b | e | c |
f | f | e | d | a | c | b |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | b | c | f | e | d |
b | b | c | e | d | f | a |
c | c | f | d | e | a | b |
d | d | e | f | a | b | c |
f | f | d | a | b | c | e |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | b | c | f | e | d |
b | b | c | e | d | f | a |
c | c | f | d | a | b | e |
d | d | e | f | b | a | c |
f | f | d | a | e | c | b |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | b | c | f | e | d |
b | b | c | a | d | f | e |
c | c | f | d | e | a | b |
d | d | e | f | a | b | c |
f | f | d | e | b | c | a |
* | e | a | b | c | d | f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
e | e | a | b | c | d | f |
a | a | b | c | f | e | d |
b | b | c | d | e | f | a |
c | c | f | e | d | a | b |
d | d | e | f | a | b | c |
f | f | d | a | b | c | e |